Alternating-current motor-controller.



. aan 63,5%/ b-Vj Y No; 869,943. PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907. A. SUNDH.

' Aest: 451- A Y i Ipventof:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AGL'ST SUXDH, OF YONKERS, [EW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY,OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.

ALTnNATrNG-CURRENT MoToRcomoLLEnspecification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1907.

Application tiled December 18. 1905. Serial 110.292.123.

To al Z t/:iom 'il may concern.'

Be it known that l, AUGUST SUNDH, a citizen of the lfnited States.residing in the city of Yonkers, in the county oi vWestchester and Stateor' N ew York. have-inventeda new and useful Improvement in Alternating-Current Motor-Controllers, ot which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to motor-controlling apparatus and is herein shownas applied to a. motor for driving elevator hoisting apparatus, but itsapplication may be general. v

One of the objects oi my invention is the provision of means forcontrolling the starting and acceleration of electric motors, said meansto be dependent upon suction apparatus.

A-iurthei` object of my invention is the provision of a masterelectroresponsive device for operating the suction device which in turnshall control auxiliary suction devices to efi'ect a step-by-stepcutting out ofthe opposition element in circuit with the motor.

Other objects oi the invention will appear hereinafter, the novelcombinations of elements being pointed out in claims.

In the drawing, I have shown a transformer T con-l necting the mainsfrom a source of alternating cur- .rent supply to the mains a, b, cthrough the three-pole switch L.

C designates an' elevator car which is connected to the hoistingapparatus H to which is connected in turn the driving motor M hereinshown as an induction motor o the three-phase type. The hoistingapparatus H may be of any suitable construction, and I have shown athree-phase motor M merely to illustrate the application of myinvention, as said motor may be single-phase, two-phase or any otherphase, or if desired itinay vbe a direct current motor.`

In the car C is a reversing switch comprising a pivoted lever 6 carryingwipers 5 and 5 and the fixed contacts 4, 4 8, 8 and contact strips 2 and3. When the leve. 6 is moved to the right, wiper 5 will connect thestrip 3 with the contact 4 and the wiper 5 will connect thecontact-strip 2 with the contact 8. One of the mains, as a, ispermanently connected to one of the motor terminals, as thatdesignated 1. With the switchlever 6 in its right-hand position. thecircuit will be completed from main b, through strip 2, wiper 5, contact8, and wires l1 and 11 to motor-terminal l2. Another phase circuit willbe closed from main t through contactstrip 3. wiper 5, contact 4 andwires 7 and 9 to motor-terminal l0, When the lever 6 is moved to theleft, it is obvious that the connection of the mains b If desired, anywell-known system of reversing I sired, this opposition element could beplaced in the primary circuits, or if a direct current motor is used itwould preferably be placed in series with the motor armature.Furthermore, said opposition element could be replaced by a transformerhaving its primary or secondary divided-into a plurality of sectionsadapted to be cut out or inserted in order to regulate the voltageapplied to the motor.

As shown in the drawing, the terminals 19, 20 and 21 are connected bythe leads 19, 2O and 21, respectively, to the rotor of the motor M. Theresistance R may be star-connected as shown, or delta-connected, or ofany other desired form. It is here shown star-connected .and dividedinto a plurality of sections which areiconnected to fixed contacts. Thecentral section of the resistance is connected by the wires 22, 23 and24 tothe fixed contacts 22 23 and 24, respectively, while theintermediate sections are connected by the wires 29, 30 and 31 to thefixed contacts 29, 30 and 31, respec-` tively. The terminals of theopposition element R are in effect connected by the wires 33, 34 and 35to the fixed contacts 33, 34 and 35. It will now be seen that when thegroups of fixed contacts are successively electrically connected, theresistance R will be shortcircuited or cut out step by step from incircuit with the rotor of the motor M.

Connected across two of the mains or phases by means of the leads 13 and14, as for example between the wires 1I and 9, I have shown a pluralityof electromagnets. The solenoids of all of these electromagnets areconnected in parallel, the solenoid I5 of the last electromagnet havingpreferably the`greatest number of ampere turns. i

Inasmuch as I have shown an alternating current electric motor, I haveillustrated electromagnets which are particularly adapted foralternating currents, in this case such currents being single phase. Theframes 40 and 40 are preferably laminated and so also the cores 39 and60, but if direct currents are used for operating these electromagnets,solid frames or cores may be used if desired.

The electromagnetic switches 26, 27 and 28 may be increased or decreasedin number, and since their construction is similar, only4 one will bedescribed. Each comprises a -laminated frame`40"in which isA placed asolenoid as 18 and a core 39 whiclris preferably laminated. To the upperend of the" core 39 is secured a piece of non-magnetic riterial 38 ltosupport the cap 63, the spring 37 and the bridge-piece or contact-'maker36.

When l.the solenoid 18 receives current and thecore 39' allowed to bemoved to its uppermost position as hereinafter explained, thebridge-piece 36 will electricallyY connect the xed contacts'situateddirectly above the same. The spring 37 has the eHect of taking up thevibrations ofthe core 39 due tothe alternations of cur" rent in coil 18,and thus maintain said bridge-piece 36 in firml engagement with thefixed contacts which it connects. To the lower end of the core 39 isconnected as by means oi a pivot 41, a piston 42 which is adapted i tomove in the cylinder or cup 46. A passage 43 excurrent, the core 39 cannot be drawn upwardly by reason of the automatic closure of-theball-check'valve and the consequent suction or pressure vacuumproduced-witl1-- in the cup 46 beneath the piston 42 in the chamber 45..The master electromagnet 61 comprises a laminated v frame 40 and thelaminated core 60 to the upper end of which is secured a guiding rod orextension 62 of nonmagnetic material. To the under side of the` frame 40 is rigidly securedA the dash-pot cylinder 46. within which is adaptedto move a piston 52 which is shown in this instance as having apivotedconnection 41 'to .the lower end of thecore 60.. The space above thepiston 52 communicates with the atmosphere through the passage 57 whichis preferably near the upperside ofthe cylindrical portion of thedash-pot 46; vThespace 45 beneath piston 52 communicates with thepassage 58 at or near the lower end of the dash-pot 46 said passagebeing normally ,lpsed by the spring-pressed check valve 59 which may beheld in'place by the support 60. Ii desired, the check valve 59 may beplaced directly in the wall or bottom ofthe dash-pot 46, but in anyevent should-be so arranged as to open outwardly so that when the coil15 is excited and the core 60 drawn upwardly, said valve will be heldclosedvby its spring as well as by the effect of the suction or pressurevacuum produced by the piston 52 inthe chamber 45.

1t.wil1 be seen that the spaces beneath the pistons 42 are connectedrespectively by. the pipes 49, and 51 to the openings 54, and 56 atdiHerent elevations in the wall of the dash-pot 46. The drawing showsall of the electromagnets energized, which will occur when the lever 6in the car is moved to one of its circuit-closing positions. 1n thiscase, the solenoids 15, 16, 17 and 18 are'each endeavoring to lift theircores but can do so only to a certain extent, by reason ofthe dash-potapparatus to which said cores are connected, the master clectromagnltbeing stronger, however, willmove its core up slightly to acomparatively greater distance until connection is established betweenthe passage 53 in the piston 52 and the opening 5 4', so that air mayfreely pass'into the pipe 49,to the space beneath the piston 42 of theelectromagnet switch 26. Thisswitch will tl'ien be quickly closed toelectrically connect the fixed contacts 22 23 and 24 to short-circuitthe central vseams sectionof the opposition element-R and'tlus allow themotor to increase in speed. Whengthe core 60 is moved upwardly alittlefarther, communication is established between the. passage 53 and theopening55, so that air i may enter the p ipe 50 and allow'the piston 42to ascend `and. thus effect the closure of the electric switch com- Oprising the contact-maker 32 and the fixed contacts 29,

vand31. The intermediate'sections of the opposition element will thus becui; out and 'thus allow the motor to attain a higher speed. Finally thepassage 53 L registerswith the opening 56 and the piston -42 is re-Aleased so that the solenoid 18maydraw its core 39 up- Vwal-d ly andmove the bridge-piece 36 into engagement with the contacts 33 34 and 35and thus entirely cut out all of the 'opposition element R, whereuponthe motor may attain full speed. '=Preferably the piston 52 should besC/"constructed that when the solenoid 15 is excited with current, it iwill. be moved up at arate of speed toeffect a gradual acqeleration ofthe motor M. If desired, a restricted andiadjustable aperture 64 may beplaced in the lower portion ofthe dash-pot '46 in addition to the checkvalve, so that the rate oi upward vmovement i the pistonv 5 2 may beregulated.

When the car switch is moved to central position, to stop' thellnotor,all of .the electromagnetswill be de- 'energized and by reason oi theupwardly-opening check l valve all ofthe pistons may freely descend,-thus rednserting the opposition element quickly and preventing,

a reversal of the motor while al1/0i the opposition element is' cut out.Furthermorek'by reason oi th'e rapid re-insertion ofthe .oppositionlelement, a motor may again be started after'being stopped, without anydelay due' to themoto'r-contwllng apparatus.

The construction shown is merely illustrative oi one .form o( theembodiment lof my invention, and it is obviousl that various changes maybe made by those skilled inthe art and stillfall within the spirit of myprecise construction herein disclosed.

What I claim and desire to have protected by Letters Patent oi theUnited States is: A

1. The combination with a plurality oi.' electro-magnets,

of means for simultaneously energizing'said electro-magnets, and meansdependent upon fluid-suction for effecting the successive operation otsaid electroanagnets.

2. The combination with a series of electro-magnets, of motor Laccelerating apparatus controlled thereby, and means electricalyindependent of said electro-magnets and dependent upon iluidfsuction toeffect the successive operation of said'electro-magnets when the latterare` energized.

3. The combination with a seriesiof electro-magnets, of motoraccelerating apparatus controlled thereby,I and mechanicallyinter-connected mechanical means dependent 'upon iiuid suction tocontrol the successive operation of` said electro-magnets when thelatter are energized.

4. In motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with an oppositionelement, ota normally Yopen switch, an electro-responsive device foroperating said switch, means dependent upon iiuid-suctional apparatusfor preventing invention." I desire, therefore, not'to be limitedto theles said device from closing said switch, and releasing mechanismV forsaid means to eect the closing of said switch.

5. In motor-controlling apparatuavthe combination with an oppositionelement-connected to the motor, and means omprising txed elements andmovable elements and de pendentnpon formation of partial vacua forvarying said opposition element to control the acceleration of said 73.In motorcontrolling apparatus, the combination ofv sectional startingresistance connected to the motor, elecl l i troresponsive apparatustending to cut out the entire starting resistance simultaneously, andduid-suctional means for retardin'g and releasing said e1eetr-responsiveA apparatus to effect a gradualacceleratlon of the motor.

7. In motor-controllingr apparatus, sectional starting,r resistanceconnected to the motor, one or more switches jtor controlling saidresistance, el'ectn4 'nets for operating said switches' tending to closethe same w1. leiving current, and means dependent upon partial vacua torefstrain the electro-magnets from closing the switches andto releasethem successively to effect a gradual acceleration ot the motor.

8. In motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with a startingresistance, of one o'r more electromagnetic switches for controllingsaid resistance, suctional dash-y pots each having one member fixedco-aeting with said switches, and means for controlling said dash-pots'to ef feet a successive actuation of said switches.

l). ln alternating-current motor-controlling apparatus, the combinationwith an opposition element connected to the rotor of the motor, of oneor 'more eiectromagents connected ,to the mains leading to the stator ofthe motor, one or more switches operated by .said lectromagnets tocoutrol said opposition element, and .duid suctional apparatus forcontrolling said eleetromagnets and switches.

d0. In alternating-current motor-controlling apparatus, the combinationwith a sectional opposition element in circuit with the rotor windings,o! one 'or more singlephase electromagnets connected to the primary,switches operated by said electromagnets to cut out said oppositionelement step by step to etect the gradual acceleration of said motor,and fluid suctional apparatus for effecting a successive actuation ofsaid switches.

11. In motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with a startingresistance, of a series of auxiliary electromagnets, switches operatedby said clcctromagnets for controlling said resistance,- a dash-potconnected to each electromagnct' for preventing the same from closingthe switch operated thereby, a niai'n electroinagnet, and means operatedby said main elcctromagnet for controlling said dash-pots'to ecct asuccv sive releasing of said series of electromagnets.

12. in motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with a mainelccironlagnet, of a series of auxiliary electromagnets, :1- pluralityoi" switches operated by said electromagnets, fluid suctional dash-potsfor preventing said electrom "nets from closing their switches,a-sectionai starting resistance connected to the motor, and meansoperated b v said main elcetromagnlt for (controlling said dash-pots toeffect a 'releasingy of said electromagnets and the closing of saidswitches to cut out said resistance step by step to gradually acceleratesaid motor.

13. In motor-controllim,r apparatus, the combination with a startingresistance, of a switch for controlling said resistance, a mainelectromngnet, an auitilinry electromagnet for operating,r said'swltch,a lluid suctional dashpot connected to said auxiliary elcctromag'net toprevent such switch from being closed when the auxiliary electroA magnetis energized, an additional fluid suctional dashpot connected t0 saidmain electromagnet, and means connecting said dash-pots for el'fectingarelease of the auxiliary electromagnet to close its switch in apredetermined time after the main electroinagnet has been energized.

-v 14. in motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with a sectionalstarting resistance, of a plurality of switches for controlling saidresista-nce, a plurality of electroinzlgnets for operating saidswitches, a iiuid suctional dash-pot connected to each of saidelectromagnets to pre vent the same from closing its switch when saidelectromagnet is energized, an additional clectromagnet, a fluidsuctional apparatus operated by said additional electromagnet forsuccessively releasing said first-named electromagnets to effect a stepby step cutting out of the starting `resistance and the gradualacceleration otl the motor speed.

15. in motor-controlling apparatus, the combination controlling saidresistance, a plurality of electromagnets for operatingr said switches,a iiuid suctional dash-pot connected to veach of said electromagnets,lan additional fluid suctional dashpot connected to said additionalelectromagnet, and means establishing communication between saidfirst-named dash-pot and said additional dash-pot.

16. in motor-controlling apparatus, the combination with a sectionalstarting resistance, 'of electric switches for controlling saidresistance, a main electromagnet, auxiliary electromagnets tor operatingsaid switches, a plurality of cups or receptacles, means establishingcommunication between said first-named cups and said additional cup, anda piston in said additional cup-having a passage therethrough toeect asuccessive actuation ot said switches when the main electromagnet isenergized.

17. In motor-controlling apparatus, the combination of a sectionalstarting opposition element connected to the rotor yof the mot'or, ofsingle-phase electromagnets connected to theprimary of the motor,switches operated by said electromagnets, fluid suctionai daslrpots toprevent the closing ot said switches when said electromagnets areenergized, an additional single-phase elcctromagnet, and fluid suctlonalapparatus operated by vsaid additional electromagnet for effecting,a.succcssive releasing of the pistons of said first-named dash-pots andthe successive closing ofsaid switches to gradualy accelerate saidmotor.

1S. in an elevator, the combination with an induction motor, means forreversing said motor from the car,'starting resistance connected to ther'otor of said motor, a main electromagnet and a series ofauxiliaryelectromagnets connected in a single-phase circuit leading to the'mainssupplyingr current to the motor, switches operated by said.

auxiliary clectromagnets for controlling said resistance, and fluidsuctional apparatus operated by said main and auxiliary electromagnetsfor etl'ecting a successive closing of said switches to graduallyaccelerate the speed of said motor.

in testimony whereof', I have signed my name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AUGUST SUNDH.

Witnesses CEAS. M. NIssEN, AXEL MAGRENNAN.

with a starting resistance, of a plurality of switches for

